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Christopher Columbus: The Explorer Who Changed the World When we hear the name Christopher Columbus, we often think of brave voyages, new worlds, and the Age of Exploration. Columbus is a figure who changed the course of history, though his legacy today is seen in much more complex ways. His journeys opened up connections between Europe and the Americas, but they also brought consequences that are still discussed centuries later. Early Life and Dreams of Discovery Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in 1451. From a young age, he was fascinated by the sea. He worked on merchant ships and dreamed of finding new trade routes. In those days, Europeans traded heavily with Asia for valuable goods like spices and silk, but reaching Asia involved long and dangerous journeys over land or around the tip of Africa. Columbus had a bold idea: what if he could reach Asia by sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean? The Voyage That Changed History It took Columbus ma...
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Science Around Me: Discovering the Wonders in Everyday Life When we think about science, it’s easy to picture laboratories filled with microscopes, beakers, and scientists in white coats. But science isn’t confined to labs or textbooks — it’s happening all around us, every single day. In fact, the ordinary world is a playground of scientific phenomena, from the moment we wake up to the second we fall asleep. Morning Chemistry: The Science of Breakfast Every morning, science greets us on our plates. Making toast? That’s the Maillard reaction at work — a chemical reaction between amino acids and sugars that gives browned foods their distinctive flavor. Brewing coffee? That’s an extraction process, where hot water dissolves desirable compounds from coffee grounds. Even the energy your body gets after eating is thanks to complex biochemical processes like cellular respiration. Physics in Motion: Walking, Driving, and Flying Heading out for the day means interacting with...
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The Solar System The Solar System consists of the Sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids, and comets, all bound by the Sun’s gravity. It formed around 4.6 billion years ago from a cloud of gas and dust. The Sun provides energy that sustains life on Earth. The planets are divided into two groups: • Inner Planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars): Small, rocky, and closer to the Sun. • Outer Planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune): Large, made of gas or ice, and have many moons and rings. Other components include the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud, which contain asteroids, dwarf planets, and icy bodies. The Solar System is a fascinating part of the universe, full of mysteries. Space exploration continues to expand our knowledge, helping us understand our place in the cosmos.